Think of your vehicle's braking system as a safety net to avoid collisions while you navigate all types of roads. From your foot to the road, it allows you to feel connected and in control of the car.

But how do your vehicle's brake pads and rotors actually work?

Your disc brake system functions in a relatively simple way: force from the pedal transmitted through hydraulic fluid in the brake lines causes the pads to clamp down on a metal rotor.

Different mechanical components — like the brake master cylinder — multiply the pressure produced by the pedal, causing the pads inside the brake caliper to grab the disc with enough force to stop a vehicle.

Brake pads bite into the metal brake rotor and cause wheels to slow as they grip the pavement.

Like the brakes on a bicycle, the harder you press, the quicker the car stops, and vice versa.

Like other wear and tear items on a vehicle — such as tires, filters, and windshield wipers —  brake pads and rotors need occasional replacement.

Over time, the friction material on brake pads wears away, and rotors lose their thickness. That can cause squeaks and, more seriously, longer stopping distances.

It's also essential to monitor the brake fluid levels occasionally. It's also a good idea to periodically have your mechanic bleed fluid from the braking system or replace it, which can increase performance. 

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Brake pads contain a friction-producing material that clamps onto the rotor and brings your vehicle to a stop. Several types of brake pads exist, and each uses distinct materials.

Semi-metallic

Most vehicles use semi-metallic brake pads composed of metal shavings of brass, graphite, steel, and copper bonded with resin. These work well for normal driving conditions, like running errands or taking trips.

Semi-metallic pads also are used in heavy-duty vehicles, such as trucks that transport heavy payloads and need stout stopping power.

They’re an excellent combination of price, longevity, and stopping performance.

Organic

Organic brake pads contain non-metallic materials like Kevlar, glass, and rubber combined with resin. They perform well in high-temperature conditions because heat binds their ingredients closer together.

Additionally, organic brakes pads are quieter when stopping and are more environmentally friendly.

However, they also require replacing more frequently than other brake pads and create more dust.

Ceramic

Ceramic brake pads use ceramic fibers and other components like copper occasionally. Ceramic brake pads excel in high-performance situations, like racing or dynamic driving.

Ceramic brake pads have several performance advantages, like withstanding repeated stops and high temperatures. They’re lightweight, produce less dust, and last longer.

However, ceramic brake pads tend to be expensive and aren't well-suited to regular passenger cars.

Like other components subject to wear and tear, brake pads need replacement from time to time.

When your brake pads and rotors wear out, you may notice needing longer distances and additional pressure on the brake pedal to come to a complete stop. You may also hear squealing or grinding noises coming from the brakes.

Those noises may be the result of a wear indicator installed by the brake pad manufacturer. It’s designed to let you know when it's time for a new set. It could also be that the pads have worn down to their metal backing plate and have barely any friction material left. 

Some newer vehicles include an electronic brake pad monitor that illuminates a warning light when it's time for replacements.

Worn-out brake rotors may exhibit similar symptoms as old brake pads, like squeaking and longer stopping distances. But old rotors can also lead to a shaking steering wheel or a pulsating brake pedal caused by rust or uneven wear.

Some mechanics recommend installing new brake pads and rotors simultaneously to guarantee increased braking performance and longevity.

While it may cost more than simply swapping in new pads, simultaneous installation ensures more even wear and more effective braking.

Typically, brake pads last 20,000-70,000 miles, and steel rotors last approximately 70,000 miles. But wear and tear can vary depending on the make and model, your driving habits, and the specific type of pads and rotors.

Wondering if it’s time to change your brake pads or rotors? Having your braking system inspected by a repair shop can help determine their reliability and performance, ensuring your safety wherever you drive.

Owning a car brings many expenses like fuel, insurance, and replacing items like brake pads. Save money on auto-related costs helps keep extra money in your bank account, so you have funds for other essential obligations. One way to do that is by securing a good auto loan. Shift works with a network of trusted lenders who compete for your business, so you get the best deal on financing.

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